Soul Cube

The Soul Cube is an ancient Martian artifact and a powerful weapon in Doom 3. In the default keyboard settings, press the "Q" key to use the Soul Cube. Its name may be derived from the soul sphere item in classic Doom. "An artifact discovered in the caverns excavation site. Research of the Cube's origin and function are ongoing."

- PDA description

History
After the Martian race first encountered the forces of Hell at some point in their past, they ended up in a hopeless struggle against its demons. With whatever conventional weapons they had proving ineffective at stemming the horde, they eventually devised a plan using their greatest technology, which bordered on functional magic. Most of the survivors were sacrificed, and their souls were used to create the weapon that would turn the tide: the Soul Cube. With it, their single greatest champion, simply called "the Hero", (a take on the Doomguy's namelessness) took on the invading force single-handedly and managed to seal the portal. "The Hero" apparently did not survive to see the evacuation of his race, since his burial chamber was found. He may have been very tall, as his sarcophagus is very long. The Cube was buried along with other artifacts near the Hero's burial chamber, in case anyone ever had to deal with the forces of Hell again.

Ages later, human archaeologists on Mars discovered the Soul Cube, and through the translation of the Martian tablets, learned of its purpose. Director Larry Bullman was the one who first theorized that the Soul Cube was a weapon.

During the game
Shortly before the Mars invasion began, Dr. Betruger took the Soul Cube and went through the teleporter without authorization to have it contained in Hell. Now in possession of the only weapon that could defeat them, the demons invaded the UAC Mars Base.

The Marine receives the Soul Cube at the end of his trek in Hell, just after defeating the Guardian boss. After the Player obtains the Soul Cube, it gives a speech, with the most important words informing the user that they (the souls of the Cube) are "the Praeleanthor" (possibly the name of the Ancient Martian race) and that they are the only way to defeat "Hell's mightiest warrior" (the cyberdemon).

With the Cube's aid, the Marine fights his way through the demonic forces to the Hell Hole where he confronts the cyberdemon that guards the portal. After a great battle with the cyberdemon and its minions, the Marine and the Soul Cube triumph. The Soul Cube slices off one of the Cyberdemon's legs, then impales its blades into the demon's head, killing it. After killing the cyberdemon, it proceeds to travel into the Hell Hole and seals it off, causing lava to boil up to the top and solidify. The Cube's ultimate fate is not clear. It was either destroyed (sacrificing itself) or buried within the Hell Hole in order to destroy Hell's only link to our dimension.

Operation
"Destroying evil gives us life, and makes us stronger. Unleash us when you hear our call. We will pass the life force of those we slay to you. We foresee a great battle, but the outcome is not clear. We are the only way to destroy Hell's mightiest warrior."

- The Soul Cube

The Soul Cube is powered with the life force liberated following any death, including humans and allies, at the hands of its current user. Five kills will leave the Cube ready and fully-charged, and it will then say, "Use us." An indication will be when the Cube is lit up at its five orbs (four on the side and one in the center). The Cube then displays a large intersecting collection of whirling circular blades, before zooming off to the target and damaging it with the said blade array. During its attack, the player's normal weapons replace its position at the helm. It also transfers the target's life force to the user, partially or completely healing any injuries the player may have, depending on the remaining hit points of the main target when the Cube strikes. The Soul Cube attacks intelligently; it always attacks the enemy with the largest amount of hit points within range, and homes in on the target. This targeting can be overridden by aiming the screen reticule at a particular target. The damage per Soul Cube attack is 1,000, and splash damage of 40 to adjacent enemies. The maximum health that the Cube can restore to the player is 99. The rate of restoration is 5 health points per interval, and two intervals per second. The Soul Cube will not restore damage taken after the attack begins, but before it is completed. Be aware that it is possible to launch the Soul Cube without a valid target, in which case the charge will be wasted at no effect.

Only the boss demons, like Sabaoth and the cyberdemon, can hope to survive even a single Soul Cube attack (the cyberdemon requires exactly four attacks to kill it), and even then the Cube still performs a life force transfusion. The Cube then retracts the array and returns to the user until its wielder inflicts enough deaths to re-energize it.

It should be noted that the life force absorption seems to be only needed to power the Soul Cube's movement and homing functions. When it is idle, it occasionally displays its blades and spins for a brief period of time.

The Soul Cube does not attack monsters that are unaware of the user's presence.

Properties

 * It is immune to radiological scans of any nature, including X-rays and gamma rays.
 * Its atomic makeup cannot be analyzed for this reason.
 * It maintains a constant temperature of 98.8 degrees Fahrenheit (37.1 degrees Celsius), regardless of surroundings (as the natural, constant body temperature of a human being is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, then 98.8 degrees Fahrenheit is likely the natural, constant body temperature of a Martian being, since the cube is composed of Martian souls).
 * It levitates. (At least it does after the player acquires it; one scientist described it as "an elaborate paperweight")
 * This would make it rather difficult to measure the Cube's mass. Theoretically, the Cube could be launched at a constant speed to measure impact force, from which its mass could be inferred. Since "all attempts to determine its mass have met with no success", it was probably tried, among various other methods.
 * It is apparently immune to damage, at least from conventional sources.
 * It is not a perfect cube. Portions of it are ornamentally decorated, and one entire corner of the Cube has been cut into with ornamental sculpting that seems almost organic, resembling a face with four eyes.
 * It is sentient, thanks to the souls used to create it.
 * It possesses very high armor penetration, being the only weapon capable of damaging the otherwise invulnerable cyberdemon.
 * Despite very sophisticated attempts to open and scan through the Soul Cube, nothing was discovered about the Soul Cube's operating mechanisms or interior until the player found it.
 * It does not actually use the souls of its user's slain victims to power itself. Rather, as Larry Bullman explains in his report, the Cube "senses" deaths at the hands of its user and somehow extracts energy from these events.
 * The Cube does not store "extra" energy from kills beyond the required five (in other words, killing ten enemies does not allow you to use it twice in a row).
 * The Cube does not have a physical firing mechanism, but it follows the wishes of its owner precisely. This may indicate that it shares some kind of psychic connection with its user.

Strategy
The Soul Cube should be reserved for larger enemies, like the Hell knight or arch-vile, and bosses like the Vagary and Sabaoth (the Soul Cube should be fully-charged before encountering these enemies). Since the Soul Cube requires five kills before it becomes operational, it is advisable to use it primarily on stronger enemies. This does not mean that the player should completely reserve using it when swarmed by small enemies like trites or cherubs. This is because the splash damage from the cube's attack is likely to dispatch several targets at once, and the availability of many tiny targets ensures that the soul battery is very easy to refill throughout the encounter.

On Nightmare difficulty, with no health kits to find, the Soul Cube becomes the player's primary means to restore health. Be sure to target the stronger opponents while doing so, demons with lower health will not always refill the player's health to 100.

As stated above, when charging the Soul Cube the best enemies to kill are ones with few hit points, such as the trite, tick and lost souls. It is possible to kill living humans and even destroy sentry bots to charge up the Soul Cube.

In other games
The Soul Cube also appears in other games in the Doom series.

Doom II RPG
In Doom II RPG, it is a usable weapon found in Hell with much the same behavior as in Doom 3, albeit with a less ornate appearance.

Doom (2016)
In Doom (2016), the Soul Cube can be found in Dr. Olivia Pierce's office in the Lazarus Labs. Its form here is identical to that from Doom 3, but the cube seems to be inert and no longer levitates. It cannot be collected and will not react to any manipulation by the Doom Slayer. The cube is furthermore depicted in a carving which can be found in Argent D'Nur, where the same scene found on the ancient Martian tablets in Doom 3 is pictured, albeit with some details depicted differently. This seems to indicate that inhabitants of the area who made this carving&mdash;be it the citizens of Argent D'Nur before its fall, or the demons of Hell afterward&mdash;were aware of the ancient Martian hero's battle. This may even be meant to imply that the ancient Martian hero is in fact the same person as the Doom Slayer, but the game does not give enough information to establish this as fact. Ruins found on the surface of Mars in the region where the UAC Mars Base was built may also point to a connection.

Doom Eternal
In Doom Eternal, the Soul Cube can be found on the Fortress of Doom, evidently having been seized from the Lazarus Labs by the Doom Slayer.

Trivia

 * The concept of feeding a weapon with the "souls" of killed enemies might be inspired by the Doom Bible. At the ammo section, it was told that the demon-styled weapons (like the former Unmaker) used the "Killed humans" ammo.
 * According to the Making of Doom III book, the Soul Cube was originally supposed to have been divided into four segments. The Player's journey through Hell would have involved collecting and reuniting the four segments.
 * Also, according to the Making of Doom III book, the Soul Cube was meant to guide the Player through visions of the Ancient Martian civilization early in the game.