Origins of Doom sounds
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Most of Doom's sounds were taken from the Sound Ideas Series 6000, originally created by Mike McDonough,[1] while others were recorded by Robert Prince during development.[2][3] The Authentic Sound Effects libraries from Elektra Records were also used for a few sounds in Doom as well as Wolfenstein 3D.[4] For the PlayStation and Sega Saturn versions of Doom, as well as for Doom 64, virtually all sounds were replaced or otherwise edited in some way, and many of the replacements also originate from the Sound Ideas Series 2000-6000 and other commercial sound libraries.
Contents
Notable sounds[edit]
Arch-vile's death[edit]
The arch-vile's death sound was created by Robert Prince, who recorded a young girl saying "why" and then transformed this sound by shifting it down and mixing it with other sounds.[2]
Doom doors[edit]
One of the most famous sound associated to Doom is the sound of its doors. These sounds came from Sound Ideas and were originally recorded for the radio serial Bradbury 13. The components that were layered together to make this distinctive noise included an old three-phase generator turning on or off, the engine of a CD tray, a ball bearing rolling inside a balloon, and the hissing of a truck's hydraulics.[1]
Icon of Romero[edit]
When John Romero discovered that id's graphic artists had used his head as the sprite of the actor that, behind the scene, handles the damage inflicted to the final boss, he decided to show he knew about the prank by putting in another Easter egg in the evil voice heard when the player enters the presence of the Icon of Sin. Robert Prince recorded him saying "to win the game, you must kill me, John Romero" and deformed the sound by putting heavy flanging and echo, then reversing it.[2]
Spawn cube[edit]
Another extremely common Doom sound is the one associated to the final boss shooting one of its spawn cubes, DSBOSPIT. This is also a Series 6000 sound, entitled "Fire, Ball – Impact And Large Fire Burst, Rumble", originally created for the Disney cartoon The Black Cauldron, specifically for the scene where the ground opens and the magic cauldron is revealed. This sound was created from a layering of slowed-down fireworks and the rumblings of a piece of sheet metal with the high frequencies filtered out.[1]
Sound list[edit]
| Sound lump | Description | Library | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSPISTOL | Pistol shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Gun, Hand Gun - 44 Magnum: Single Shot 01" |
| DSSHOTGN | Shotgun shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 Sound Ideas Series 4000 |
"Explosion - Large Explosion 06" "Gun, Shot Gun - 12 Gauge: Pump Action 01" |
| DSSGCOCK | Entering level | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Gun, Shot Gun - 12 Gauge: Pump Action 01" |
| DSSAWUP | Chainsaw selection | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01" |
| DSSAWIDL | Chainsaw idle | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Hard to Start, Start, Run, Logging" |
| DSSAWFUL | Chainsaw use | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01" |
| DSSAWHIT | Chainsaw connecting | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01"; reversed |
| DSRLAUNC | Rocket launcher shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Electronic - Magical Swish 03"; start of the sound unidentified |
| DSRXPLOD | BFG9000 projectile explosion | Sound Ideas Universal Studios Library | "Space, Ship Viper Fighter: Peel Off" |
| DSFIRSHT | Generic hellspawn fireball | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Electronic - Magical Swish 01" |
| DSFIRXPL | Generic projectile explosion | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Thunder - Thunder Clap and Rumble, Weather 04"; 200% speed |
| DSPSTART | Lift/platform start sound | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Door - Space Ship Door 2, Sci Fi" |
| DSPSTOP | Lift/platform stop sound | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Door - Space Ship Door 2, Sci Fi" |
| DSDOROPN | Door raise | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Motor - Space Motor, Malfunctioning" |
| DSDORCLS | Door lower | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Motor - Space Motor, Malfunctioning"; BFG charge sound mixed in |
| DSSTNMOV | Crusher movement | Unidentified | |
| DSSWTCHN | Switch use | Authentic Sound Effects Volume 8 | "Dishwasher - Machine Goes Trough Several Cycles, Shuts Off" |
| DSSWTCHX | Menu closing sound | Authentic Sound Effects Vol. 1 | "Electric Wall Heater Switch" |
| DSPLPAIN | Player pain | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Human, Groan - Groan: Male 01" |
| DSDMPAIN | Generic hellspawn pain | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Scream - Male, Terror, Human, Horror"; 50% speed |
| DSPOPAIN | Zombie pain sound | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Scream - Male, Long, Human, Horror 02"; 50% speed |
| DSSLOP | Gib death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Horror - Chewing on Bone, Human"; Heavily edited |
| DSITEMUP | Item pickup | Unidentified | |
| DSWPNUP | Weapon pickup | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Gun, Shot Gun - 12 Gauge: Pump Action 01" |
| DSOOF | Fall grunt | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Cartoon, Groan - Male, Stress, Human, Horror" |
| DSTELEPT | Teleporter | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space - Warbling, Electronic"; heavily edited |
| DSPOSIT1 | Zombie sight #1 | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Growl 02" |
| DSPOSIT2 | Zombie sight #2 | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Growl 02"; also used as roaming sound in PSX Doom and Doom 64 |
| DSPOSIT3 | Zombie sight #3 | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Cat, Domestic - 8 Angry Snarls & Hisses, Animal"; 50% speed |
| DSBGSIT1 | Imp sight #1 | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Roar 13 |
| DSBGSIT2 | Imp sight #2 | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Roar 06" |
| DSSGTSIT | Demon and spectre sight | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Cat, Tiger - Growls, C.U. Growls, Snarls, Roars, Animal"; edited |
| DSBRSSIT | Baron of Hell sight | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Human, Growl - Growl: Female 02"; pitched down and reversed |
| DSSGTATK | Demon and spectre bite | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | Unidentified lion roar heard in SIS6K promotional video, slowed down |
| DSCLAW | Imp and Hell noble melee | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Rip, Fabric - Heavy Cotton, Long Tear" |
| DSPLDETH | Player death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Scream - Male, Long, Human, Horror 04"; not an exact match, might be instead Bobby's own scream.[3] |
| DSPDIEHI | Player extreme death | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Scream - Male, Long, Human, Horror 03" |
| DSPODTH1 | Zombie death #1 | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Camel - Vocalizations, Animal" |
| DSPODTH2 | Zombie death #2 | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Camel - Vocalizations, Animal" |
| DSPODTH3 | Zombie death #3 | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Scream - Male, Short, Human, Horror"; 50% speed |
| DSBGDTH1 | Imp death #1 | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Camel - Vocalizations, Animal" |
| DSBGDTH2 | Imp death #2 | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Camel - Vocalizations, Animal" |
| DSSGTDTH | Demon and spectre death | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library Authentic Sound Effects Vol. 3 |
"Cat, Cougar - C.U. Snarl, Growl, Animal"; "Body Falling Downstairs" |
| DSBRSDTH | Baron of Hell death | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Bear - Black Bear Cub, Moans, Purrs, Animal"; 50% speed |
| DSPOSACT | Zombie roaming sound | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Cat, Leopard - Clouded, Nay, Hiss, Lunge, Growls, Animal" |
| DSBGACT | Imp roaming | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Cat, Jaguar - Baby, C.U. Snorts & Wails, Animal"; heavily edited |
| DSDMACT | Generic hellspawn roaming | Unidentified low roar | |
| DSNOWAY | Wallhump | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Cartoon, Groan - Male, Stress, Human, Horror" |
| DSBAREXP | Barrel and rocket explosions | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Explosion - Large Explosion 07" |
| DSPUNCH | Fist punch | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Punch, Body - Punch Impact, Human 05" |
| DSTINK | Deathmatch player message | NeXT | NeXTSTEP System Beep - Tink; used in Doom and The Ultimate Doom only |
| DSBDOPN | Blazing door raise | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Motor - Space Motor, Malfunctioning"; sped up |
| DSBDCLS | Blazing door lower | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Motor - Space Motor, Malfunctioning"; sped up |
| DSITMBK | Deathmatch item respawn | Premiere Edition 1, The | Gusts Heavy Cold Wind PE031601 / Whistling Wind Stead PE033301[citation needed] |
| DSGETPOW | Powerup pickup | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Gong - Large: Single Hit, Music, Percussion 01" |
| DSPLASMA | Plasma rifle shot | Unidentified sound. | |
| DSBFG | BFG9000 charge and shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Gun Shots - Laser Gun Shot, Large, Galactic"; edited |
| DSCACSIT | Cacodemon sight | Alan Howarth Signature Series | Growls Asthmatic Br AHS040701[citation needed] |
| DSCYBSIT | Cyberdemon sight | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Camel - Vocalizations, Animal"; identification uncertain, heavily edited |
| DSSPISIT | Spiderdemon sight | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Death Scream" |
| DSSKLATK | Lost soul charge | Sound Ideas Lucasfilm SFX Library | "Bats, Fruit - 8 Short Squawks, Animal"; 50% speed |
| DSCACDTH | Cacodemon death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Skates, In Line - In Line Skates: Stop, Roller Blades, Sports" |
| DSSKLDTH | Unused lost soul death sound | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Cartoon, Groan - Male, Stress, Human, Horror"; placeholder sound, unused |
| DSCYBDTH | Cyberdemon death | DSPOSIT2 mixed with unidentified explosion | |
| DSSPIDTH | Spiderdemon death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Explosion - Large Explosion 07"; mixed with unidentified sounds |
| DSHOOF | Cyberdemon hoof | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Punch, Body - Arm Swing And Punch, Human 06"; 50% speed |
| DSMETAL | Spiderdemon walk | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Industry, Puncher - Auto Plant Punch Press: Running, Factory 01" |
| DSDSHTGN | Super shotgun shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Cannon - Black Powder Cannon: Single Blast 01"; also mixes in DSSHOTGN. Cannon sound also used in Quake. |
| DSDBOPN | Super shotgun breaking open | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Gun, Rifle - Bolt Action Rifle: Push Bolt" |
| DSDBCLS | Super shotgun closing | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Gun, Rifle - Bolt Action Rifle: Push Bolt" |
| DSDBLOAD | Super shotgun reloading | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Gun, Rifle - Bolt Action Rifle: Push Bolt" |
| DSVIPAIN | Arch-vile pain | Unidentified low roar | |
| DSMNPAIN | Mancubus pain | Unidentified | |
| DSPEPAIN | Pain elemental pain | Unidentified | |
| DSBSPSIT | Arachnotron sight | Unidentified | |
| DSKNTSIT | Hell knight sight | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Human, Growl - Growl: Female 02"; pitched up and reversed |
| DSVILSIT | Arch-vile sight | Unidentified | |
| DSMANSIT | Mancubus sight | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Jaguar - Grownling, Snarls, Animal, Cat 02" and low-pitched DSMNPAIN[citation needed] |
| DSPESIT | Pain elemental sight | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Growl 04"; 200% speed |
| DSSKEPCH | Revenant punch | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Punch, Face - Jaw Sock, Human 05" |
| DSVILATK | Arch-vile attack | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Explosion - Increasing Rumble Leading To Explosion" |
| DSSKESWG | Revenant melee swing | Sound Ideas Series 4000 | "Swish - Arm Or Weapon Swing Through Air, Swoosh 04" |
| DSBSPDTH | Arachnotron death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Explosion - Large Explosion 05"; mixed with unidentified shutdown sound |
| DSVILDTH | Arch-vile death | Edited from a recording of a young girl saying "why?"[2] | |
| DSKNTDTH | Hell knight death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Jaguar - Two Jaguars, Angry, Animal, Cat"; also used in Quake for the vores |
| DSPEDTH | Pain elemental death | Unidentified explosion mixed with edited DSSKLATK | |
| DSSKEDTH | Revenant death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Horror - Head Crunch, Human 06" |
| DSBSPACT | Arachnotron roaming | Unidentified | |
| DSBSPWLK | Arachnotron walk | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Industry, Puncher - Auto Plant Punch Press: Running, Factory 01"; sped up and mixed with unidentified sound |
| DSVILACT | Arch-vile roam | Unidentified | |
| DSFLAME | Arch-vile fire | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Fire, Weeds - Dry Weeds and Grass Burning, Crackle Fire Scenes" |
| DSFLAMST | Arch-vile fire start | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Fire, Burst - Small Burst Of Flames In Wood Stove 01"; not heard in game due to oversight |
| DSBOSPIT | Spawn cube launch | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Fire, Ball - Impact And Large Fire Burst, Rumble" |
| DSBOSCUB | Spawn cube roaming | Unidentified | |
| DSBOSSIT | Final boss sight | John Romero | "To win the game, you must kill me, John Romero"[2] |
| DSBOSPN | Final boss pain | Unidentified | |
| DSBOSDTH | Final boss death | Unidentified | |
| DSMANATK | Mancubus battlecry | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Pig - Squealing, Animal"; 75% speed, edited |
| DSMANDTH | Mancubus death | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Slimy, Crawling Mass"; thump unidentified but same as in DSSGTDTH, at 50% speed; moan unidentified |
| DSSSSIT | Wolfenstein SS sight | Wolfenstein 3D | "Schutzstaffel!"; recorded by id Software staff |
| DSSSDTH | Wolfenstein SS death | Wolfenstein 3D | "Mein Leben!"; recorded by id Software staff |
| DSKEENPN | Commander Keen pain | Commander Keen first trilogy | Neural stunner SFX; PC speaker sound recorded with microphone |
| DSKEENDT | Commander Keen death | Commander Keen first trilogy | Entering level SFX; PC speaker sound recorded with microphone |
| DSSKEACT | Revenant roam | Unidentified | |
| DSSKESIT | Revenant sight | Unidentified | |
| DSSKEATK | Revenant shot | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Space, Whoosh - Fast Whoosh By, Sci Fi 09" |
| DSRADIO | Deathmatch player message | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Telephone, Electronic - Electronic 1: Ringing, Office"; used in Doom II and Final Doom |
Console Doom sound list[edit]
| Original sound lump | Doom 64 sound lump | Description | Library | Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DSPISTOL | SFX_033 | Pistol shot | Sound Bible | 44 Magnum |
| DSSHOTGN | SFX_034 | Shotgun shot | The Edge Edition Volume 1 | Hollywoodedge, 22357 Magnum Fire Clo TE029501[citation needed] (slowed down), unknown reload sound |
| DSSGCOCK | Entering level | |||
| DSSAWUP | SFX_037 | Chainsaw selection | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01" |
| DSSAWIDL | SFX_038 | Chainsaw idle | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Hard to Start, Start, Run, Logging" |
| DSSAWFUL | SFX_039 | Chainsaw use | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01" (shorter than the PC version) |
| DSSAWHIT | SFX_040 | Chainsaw connecting | Sound Ideas Series 2000 | "Chainsaw - Start, Cut, Stop, Logging 01" |
| DSRLAUNC | SFX_041 | Rocket launcher shot | Edited from the original Doom sound with unknown samples | |
| DSRXPLOD | SFX_043 | BFG9000 projectile explosion | Unidentified | |
| DSFIRSHT | SFX_123 | Generic hellspawn fireball | ||
| DSFIRXPL | SFX_044 | Generic projectile explosion | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | Explosion, Large (edited) |
| DSPSTART | SFX_045 | Lift/platform start sound | ||
| DSPSTOP | SFX_046 | Lift/platform stop sound | ||
| DSDOROPN | SFX_047 | Door raise | Sound Ideas 6000 | SPACE, DOOR - SPACE DOOR: ACTIVATE 01 (ending modified) |
| DSDORCLS | SFX_048 | Door lower | ||
| DSSTNMOV | SFX_049 | Crusher movement | ||
| DSSWTCHN | SFX_050 | Switch use | ||
| DSSWTCHX | SFX_051 | Menu closing sound | ||
| DSPLPAIN | SFX_052 | Player pain | ||
| DSDMPAIN | SFX_053 | Generic hellspawn pain | ||
| DSPOPAIN | SFX_054 | Zombie pain sound (in Doom 64 also: imp and nightmare imp) | ||
| DSSLOP | SFX_055 | Gib death | ||
| DSITEMUP | SFX_056 | Item pickup | ||
| DSWPNUP | SFX_122 | Weapon pickup | ||
| DSOOF | SFX_057 | Fall grunt | ||
| DSTELEPT | SFX_058 | Teleporter | ||
| DSPOSIT1 | SFX_059 | Zombie sight #1 | ||
| DSPOSIT2 | SFX_060 | Zombie sight #2 | ||
| DSPOSIT3 | SFX_061 | Zombie sight #3 | ||
| DSBGSIT1 | SFX_062 | Imp sight #1 | ||
| DSBGSIT2 | SFX_063 | Imp sight #2 | ||
| DSSGTSIT | SFX_064 | Demon and spectre sight | ||
| DSBRSSIT | SFX_066 | Baron of Hell sight | ||
| DSSGTATK | SFX_069 | Demon and spectre bite | ||
| DSCLAW | SFX_070 | Imp and Hell noble melee | ||
| DSPLDETH | SFX_071 | Player death | ||
| DSPODTH1 | SFX_072 | Zombie death #1 | ||
| DSPODTH2 | SFX_073 | Zombie death #2 | ||
| DSPODTH3 | SFX_074 | Zombie death #3 | ||
| DSBGDTH1 | SFX_075 | Imp death #1 | ||
| DSBGDTH2 | SFX_076 | Imp death #2 | ||
| DSSGTDTH | SFX_077 | Demon and spectre death | ||
| DSBRSDTH | SFX_079 | Baron of Hell death | ||
| DSPOSACT | SFX_081 | Zombie roaming sound | ||
| DSBGACT | SFX_082 | Imp roaming | ||
| DSDMACT | SFX_083 | Generic hellspawn roaming | Sound Ideas Series 6000 | "Animal, Creature - Large Animal Growl 02"; also used as a zombie wake up sound in PC Doom |
| DSNOWAY | SFX_0124 | Wallhump | ||
| DSBAREXP | SFX_084 | Barrel and rocket explosions | ||
| DSPUNCH | SFX_085 | Fist punch | ||
| DSBDOPN | SFX_108 | Blazing door raise | ||
| DSBDCLS | SFX_109 | Blazing door lower | ||
| DSITMBK | SFX_042 | Item and monster trigger spawn/deathmatch item respawn | ||
| DSGETPOW | SFX_110 | Powerup pickup | ||
| DSPLASMA | SFX_035 | Plasma rifle shot | ||
| DSBFG | SFX_036 | BFG9000 charge and shot | ||
| DSCACSIT | SFX_065 | Cacodemon sight | ||
| DSCYBSIT | SFX_067 | Cyberdemon sight | ||
| DSSPISIT | Spiderdemon sight | |||
| DSSKLATK | SFX_068 | Lost soul charge | ||
| DSCACDTH | SFX_078 | Cacodemon death | ||
| DSSKLDTH | Unused lost soul death sound | |||
| DSCYBDTH | SFX_080 | Cyberdemon death | ||
| DSSPIDTH | Spiderdemon death | |||
| DSHOOF | SFX_086 | Cyberdemon hoof | ||
| DSMETAL | SFX_087 | Spiderdemon walk | ||
| DSDSHTGN | SFX_088 | Super shotgun shot | ||
| DSDBOPN | SFX_089 | Super shotgun breaking open | ||
| DSDBCLS | SFX_090 | Super shotgun closing | ||
| DSDBLOAD | Super shotgun reloading | |||
| DSMNPAIN | SFX_102 | Mancubus pain | ||
| DSPEPAIN | SFX_094 | Pain elemental pain | ||
| DSBSPSIT | SFX_096 | Arachnotron sight | ||
| DSKNTSIT | SFX_091 | Hell knight sight | ||
| DSMANSIT | SFX_101 | Mancubus sight | ||
| DSPESIT | SFX_093 | Pain elemental sight | ||
| DSSKEPCH | SFX_107 | Revenant punch | ||
| DSSKESWG | SFX_106 | Revenant melee swing/dart shot | ||
| DSBSPDTH | SFX_097 | Arachnotron death | ||
| DSKNTDTH | SFX_092 | Hell knight death | ||
| DSPEDTH | SFX_095 | Pain elemental death | ||
| DSSKEDTH | Revenant death | |||
| DSBSPACT | SFX_098 | Arachnotron roaming | ||
| DSBSPWLK | SFX_099 | Arachnotron walk | ||
| DSMANATK | SFX_100 | Mancubus battlecry | ||
| DSMANDTH | SFX_103 | Mancubus death | ||
| DSSKEACT | SFX_104 | Revenant roam | ||
| DSSKESIT | Revenant sight | |||
| DSSKEATK | SFX_105 | Revenant shot/Homing fireball/Mother demon projectile | ||
| SFX_111 | Unmaker shot | |||
| SFX_112 | Plasma gun idle noise | |||
| SFX_116 | Dart hit | |||
| SFX_121 | Mother demon sight | |||
| SFX_117 | Mother demon roam | |||
| SFX_118 | Mother demon attack | |||
| SFX_120 | Mother demon pain | |||
| SFX_119 | Mother demon death | |||
| SFX_115 | Earthquake | |||
| SFX_114 | Thunderstorm 1 | |||
| SFX_113 | Thunderstorm 2 |
Sources[edit]
- decino (17 August 2020). "The Origins of Doom's Sound Effects." YouTube. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
External links[edit]
- Doom Doors on TVTropes
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rüegg, Philipp; Johnson-Ferguson, Jessica (19 March 2020). "«Really? I had no idea» The «Doom» sound designer talks about his unexpected legacy." digitech.ch. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Prince, Bobby (1996). "Tricks and Techniques For Sound Effect Design" (archived 🏛), bpmusic.com.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Prince, Bobby (31 August 2012). "Creating SFX for Wrack—The Lastest." Wrack Blog. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ↑ ColorSphere (6 December 2021). Doomworld forums post. Doomworld forums. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
